Most crimes have a clear victim that is hurt directly by the crime. Battery, murder, theft, vandalism, fraud.

The problem with laws about penalties for “being” something is that it’s an identity statement. There is no “victim” to someone “being a pedophile” unless a child is sexually abused, just as there’s no victim to someone “being a terrorist”. So, the fascist state works to subvert and divide by othering their political opponents with taboo labels of being “pedophiles” (trans people) or “terrorists” (“Antifa”… i.e. anyone who denounces fascism).

There is a categorical difference between those that is completely unrelated to your main argument. One could be in favour of severe punishment for first degree murder and be opposed to any punishment for “thought crime” without any contradiction.

That said, most progressive people who support LGBTQ+ rights (and, apparently, rule of law) also tend to be opposed to capital/severe punishment of criminals.

First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out—because I was not a socialist.

Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out—because I was not a trade unionist.

Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out—because I was not a Jew.

Then they came for me—and there was no one left to speak for me.

—Martin Niemöller