From the article:
| VPN | HQ & Eyes Alliance | Latest Independent Audit | Real-World Test | Retention Verdict* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ExpressVPN | British Virgin Islands (no data-retention laws) | KPMG ISAE 3000 Type I, Feb 2025 (ExpressVPN) | Split-tunnelling DNS leak disclosed Feb 2024 (patched) | Gold-standard. RAM-only fleet, annual audits, BVI jurisdiction. |
| NordVPN | Panama | Deloitte 5th audit, Dec 2024 (NordVPN) | 2018 server breach – no logs leaked | Regular audits and positive breach outcome. |
| Surfshark | Netherlands (9-Eyes) | Deloitte, Jan 2023 (Surfshark) | TunnelCrack Wi-Fi leak (Aug 2023) → patched in <7 days. | Strong audit hygiene but concerning jurisdiction. |
| Proton VPN | Switzerland | Securitum, Apr 2024 (securitum.com) | N/A | Open-source clients + Swiss privacy laws. |
| Mullvad | Sweden (14-Eyes) | Assured AB config audit 2023 | Swedish police raid Apr 18 2023 left empty-handed (Mullvad VPN) | Minimal-data design proven in the wild. |
| Private Internet Access | USA (5-Eyes) | Deloitte, Apr 2024 (Private Internet Access) | Multiple US subpoenas produced no logs | Paper-trail-verified despite US HQ. |
| CyberGhost | Romania (EU, outside Eyes) | Deloitte, May 2024 (CyberGhost VPN) | N/A | Second audit boosts trust. |
| TunnelBear | Canada (5-Eyes) | Cure53 7th audit, Dec 2023 (TunnelBear: Secure VPN Service) | N/A | Longest unbroken audit streak. |
| Windscribe | Canada (5-Eyes) | Cure53 server image audit 2022 | 2025 Greek/Canadian court case upheld no-logs stance (Tom’s Guide) | Policy tested – passed. |
| Hotspot Shield | USA (5-Eyes) | Performance/security review by AV-Test only; no dedicated no-logs audit (vpnMentor) | AV-TEST performance audit only; no no-logs audit to date. (CVE Details) | Speed king, privacy laggard. |
Archived links:
They lost me at calling ExpressVPN the gold standard. Even their audit is bs. KPMG is the same company that provides the “always-on” audit to PureVPN.
Any article that still uses the “eyes” as a factor in their evaluation is a massive red flag. Very public intelligence alliances are the least of your worries.
I had not read about this criticism of KPMG before. For the benefit of other readers, I found this other forum post from March 2025 where commenters question the worthiness of the KPMG audit for PureVPN. For my own part, I’m not sure I understand what an audit that’s acceptable to privacy communities would look like. If somebody can elaborate on this, I would appreciate it.
Audit providers just like VPN providers come in a wide variety of quality.
Its hard to point out specifics of what makes a good audit as most people don’t, and have no need to, understand the technical details of the audit and just go off its summary.
Another difficulty is just like most VPN providers, there just isn’t much info provided about Auditors or the auditing process.
A few have well known reputations…
KPMG is a low quality provider. Any auditing company that provides an “always-on” service is not being serious.
Cure53 is a high quality provider.
I’d imagine it would be very difficult to audit a VPNs privacy, since most at least have a veneer of privacy and the auditor won’t have nearly the same pull or resources as a state actor